General Description
Altretamine is a synthetic triazine derivative, a cytostatic agent with a hexamethylmelamine structure, belonging to the class of alkylating agents. Its chemical structure is 2,4,6-tris(dimethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine. Altretamine is a white to off-white crystalline powder, practically insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. It is a prodrug that requires activation to exert its cytotoxic effects.
Mechanism of Action
Altretamine is metabolized in the liver to formaldehyde, which acts as the active alkylating agent. Formaldehyde forms DNA cross-links, interfering with DNA replication and transcription, and leading to cell death. The drug is cell cycle-specific, affecting cells in the G2 and M phases. It also inhibits the synthesis of nucleic acids.
Application
Altretamine is indicated for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer, particularly in patients who have failed or are resistant to other chemotherapeutic agents. It is used as a single agent or in combination with other drugs. The drug is effective in reducing tumor size and improving survival, but it is associated with significant side effects, including nausea and neurotoxicity.