Dobutamine Hydrochloride

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Cat Number

API0231680

CAS Number

49745-95-1

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CAS Number

49745-95-1

EINECS

256-464-1

Synonyms

Dobutamine Hcl; 4-[2-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-ylamino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride

Molecular Formula

C18H24ClNO3

Molecular Weight

337.8

Smiles

CC(CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NCCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O.Cl

Appearance

White to off-white crystalline powder

Melting Point

184-186℃

Boiling Point

527.7℃

General Description

Dobutamine hydrochloride is a synthetic catecholamine and direct-acting inotropic agent administered as a continuous intravenous infusion for short-term management of cardiac decompensation. As a racemic mixture of enantiomers, dobutamine is structurally related to dopamine but designed specifically to increase cardiac contractility with minimal direct vasoconstriction.

Mechanism of Action

Dobutamine produces its inotropic effects through complex interactions with adrenergic receptors in the cardiovascular system. The (+) enantiomer stimulates myocardial beta1-adrenergic receptors, while the (-) enantiomer provides alpha1-receptor agonism, resulting in combined beta1- and alpha1-mediated increases in contractility. Additionally, beta2-receptor activation in vasculature produces vasodilation that exactly offsets alpha1-mediated vasoconstriction, leading to increased cardiac output with minimal net change in blood pressure.

Application

Dobutamine hydrochloride is indicated for patients requiring positive inotropic support in cardiac decompensation due to depressed contractility, including low cardiac output states following myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery, or in cardiogenic and septic shock. It is also utilized for dobutamine stress echocardiography to detect myocardial ischemia in patients unable to undergo exercise testing.

Dubin A, et al. synthesized evidence demonstrating that the effects of dobutamine are highly heterogeneous and context-dependent, varying considerably between healthy individuals, patients with heart failure, and those with septic shock. In patients with septic shock, dobutamine often acts primarily as a chronotropic (heart rate-increasing) and vasodilatory agent, with limited evidence supporting a true inotropic (contractility-enhancing) effect. Given the high prevalence of adverse effects and unclear therapeutic benefits, the review concludes that dobutamine should be used with caution in septic shock.

Fig. 1 Schematic of the main pharmacodynamic and cardiovascular effects of dobutamine. (Dubin A, et al., 2017)

References

Dubin A, et al. The spectrum of cardiovascular effects of dobutamine - from healthy subjects to septic shock patients. Espectro dos efeitos cardiovasculares da dobutamina - de voluntários saudáveis a pacientes em choque séptico. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2017;29(4):490-498.

Tjellaug Bråten A, et al. evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in 102 symptomatic patients with low-to-intermediate pretest probability of coronary artery disease who had positive coronary CT angiography. Using fractional flow reserve (FFR ≤0.80) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR ≤0.89) as invasive reference standards, DSE demonstrated only moderate discriminative ability (AUC 0.63–0.64). Against FFR, DSE showed accuracy of 61%, sensitivity of 43%, and specificity of 75%; against iFR, results were similar (64%, 46%, and 74%, respectively).

Fig. 2 Diagnostic performance of stress echocardiography for detecting hemodynamically significant CAD as defined by FFR ≤0.80 and IFR ≤0.89. (Tjellaug Bråten A, et al, 2024)

References

Tjellaug Bråten A, et al. Dobutamine stress echocardiography after positive CCTA: diagnostic performance using fractional flow reserve and instantaneous wave-free ratio as reference standards. Open Heart. 2024;11(2):e002899.

Is Dobutamine Hydrochloride susceptible to oxidation during storage?

Yes, it is prone to oxidation. Our packaging includes an oxygen barrier and is often purged with nitrogen to create an inert atmosphere, extending its shelf life.

What color change indicates degradation of Dobutamine Hydrochloride?

A pinkish or brownish discoloration is a visual indicator of oxidation. If observed, we recommend immediate purity testing before use, as potency may be compromised.

Can Dobutamine Hydrochloride be stored in direct contact with metal equipment?

Contact with certain metals, especially iron and copper, can catalyze degradation. We recommend storing the API in its original packaging or using glass-lined or stainless steel equipment.

How are shipping costs calculated for temperature-controlled Dobutamine orders?

Costs are based on the total weight, volume, destination, and the type of cold chain service required (e.g., gel packs vs. active refrigerated containers).