General Description
Metrizoate Sodium is a radiopaque iodinated contrast agent of the ionic monomer type, containing three iodine atoms per molecule. Structurally related to diatrizoate (hypaque), it is used as an injectable contrast medium for radiographic procedures including cardioangiography, cerebral angiography, and urography. Its high iodine content provides excellent X-ray attenuation.
Mechanism of Action
Metrizoate Sodium acts as an extracellular iodinated contrast agent. Its radiodensity (opacity to X-rays) is directly proportional to its iodine concentration, attenuating X-ray beams as they pass through vascular and tissue structures, thereby creating contrast on radiographic images. As an ionic, high-osmolality contrast medium (HOCM), it causes dose-dependent effects on blood viscosity, endothelial function, cardiac conduction, and renal perfusion.
Application
Metrizoate Sodium is indicated as a contrast medium for intravascular administration in cardioangiography (coronary and ventricular angiography), cerebral angiography, peripheral angiography, urography, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography.