Magnesium Hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1β expression and secretion in macrophage-like J774.1 cells. Two different sizes of nanoparticles, NM80 and NM300, were evaluated. The anti-inflammatory effect of NM80 was mediated through downregulation of PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB activation and dephosphorylation of MAPK molecules including JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK. By contrast, the suppression of IL-1β by NM300 involved only deactivation of the ERK1/2-mediated signaling cascade. Although the molecular mechanisms varied with nanoparticle size, both NM80 and NM300 demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity against periodontopathic bacterial components.

Fig. 1 Effects of NM80, NM300, and NM700 on purification of J774.1 cells. (Koga A.; et al. 2023)

Magnesium hydroxide nano-capsules were fabricated using okra mucilage as a natural encapsulating agent via a sol-gel method. Characterization by XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy and FESEM/EDS confirmed successful encapsulation. Contact angle measurements demonstrated favorable wettability for drug release in the digestive system. Release tests in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids revealed a controlled zero-order release profile with rate constants of 0.75 mg mL⁻¹ h⁻¹ in the gastric phase and 0.2894 mg mL⁻¹ h⁻¹ in the intestinal phase. This nano-encapsulation approach addresses formulation challenges of magnesium hydroxide such as poor stability and limited shelf life in liquid form.

Fig. 2 Procedure of Mg(OH)2 release test, including the preparation of simulated digestive system solution. (Yazd M S.; et al. 2025)