Ivermectin

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Cat Number

API70288867

CAS Number

70288-86-7

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CAS Number

70288-86-7

EINECS

274-536-0

Storage

2-8℃

Synonyms

2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-[2-methoxy-5-(4-oxo-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-2-yl)phenyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one

Molecular Formula

C48H74O14

Molecular Weight

875.1

Appearance

White powder

Melting Point

155℃

General Description

Ivermectin is a potent, broad-spectrum anti-infective, antiparasitic, antiviral and immunomodulatory drug of the semisynthetic macrolide class. Ivermectin was originally isolated from the soil microorganism Streptomyces avermitilis.

Mechanism of Action

The drug exhibits high selectivity and affinity for glutamate-gated chloride channels located in the nerve and muscle cells of invertebrates. The binding of ivermectin to these receptors causes a change in the cell membrane's permeability to chloride ions, resulting in hyperpolarization of nerve cells and inhibition of normal nerve signal transmission and paralysis of the pharyngeal and body muscles of the parasites, which ultimately leads to their death.

Application

Human Medicine: The drug is used in large-scale public health mass-dosing programs. Ivermectin is active against onchocerciasis (river blindness) and lymphatic filariasis (two of the most important endemic diseases in Africa and South America). It is also used in some countries for the treatment of scabies.
Veterinary Medicine: Ivermectin is used to control internal and external parasites in livestock and companion animals. It has broad-spectrum antiparasitic activity against various nematodes (roundworms, whipworms, hookworms), cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes, schistosomes).

The drug repurposing of the antiparasitic drug Ivermectin (IVM) for the treatment of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has been explored in several studies. Ivermectin blocks the nuclear import pathway mediated by host protein IMPα/β1, inhibiting the entry of viral proteins into the cell nucleus, thereby enhancing the host's antiviral response and belongs to a host-directed drug. Additionally, molecular docking and kinetic simulations have shown that Ivermectin can stably bind to multiple SARS-CoV-2 targets (such as Nsp9, protease 3CLpro, spike protein RBD), demonstrating multi-target antiviral potential. Among them, Nsp9 and Spike RBD show the strongest binding force and stability.
A total of 80 clinical trials have been launched globally to evaluate the efficacy of Ivermectin on COVID-19 (such as NCT04510233, NCT04425850), and some studies have shown that it can alleviate symptoms, reduce inflammation levels, and lower mortality rates.
Overall, as a multi-target and mechanism-defined drug, Ivermectin is expected to be a supplementary option in the treatment strategy for COVID-19.

Fig. 1 Mechanism of action for Ivermectin against SARS-CoV-2. (Patil V M.; et al. 2022)

References

Patil V M, et al. Prospective mode of action of Ivermectin: SARS-CoV-2. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports, 2022, 4: 100018.

Patel H et al. addressed the treatment challenges of rosacea and developed and optimized an Ivermectin-loaded niosomal gel. Niosomes were prepared using the ether injection method, and the formulation was optimized through a 32-factor experimental design. The gel was evaluated for pH, viscosity, and in vitro release performance. The results showed that this gel had high drug stability, controlled release performance, and release rate, which were superior to commercially available Ivermectin products, and could improve drug bioavailability and efficacy.

Fig. 2 Ivermectin-loaded niosomal gel for the treatment of rosacea. (Patel H.; et al. 2025)

References

Patel H, et al. Formulation and Characterization of Niosomal Carrier–Based Ivermectin Gel for Rosacea Therapy. Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine, 2025: 1-18.