Isosorbide

Isosorbide mononitrate-loaded liposomes were encapsulated within an injectable composite hydrogel composed of κ-carrageenan, hyaluronic acid, and tannic acid. The fabricated composite hydrogel exhibited exceptional reactive oxygen species scavenging capabilities. Upon injection of the ISMN-LNP-loaded composite hydrogel into the injured hearts of rats, significant improvements in cardiac function were observed. Masson's staining results revealed that the injectable hydrogel system reduced myocardial infarct size and increased left ventricular wall thickness post-myocardial infarction. Immunofluorescence staining indicated upregulated expression of vascular hemophilic factor and α-actinin, suggesting that the injectable hydrogel system promoted vascular proliferation and enhanced cardiac systolic and diastolic function following myocardial infarction.

Fig. 2 Hydrogel-containing isosorbide mononitrate-loaded liposomes for myocardial infarction. (Hua Y.; et al. 2025)