Iohexol

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Cat Number

API66108950

CAS Number

66108-95-0

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CAS Number

66108-95-0

EINECS

266-164-2

Storage

Room temperature

Synonyms

N,N'-BIS(2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL)-5-[N-(2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL)ACETAMIDO]-2,4,6-TRIIODOISOPHTHALAMIDE

Molecular Formula

C19H26I3N3O9

Molecular Weight

821.1

Smiles

CC(=O)N(CC(CO)O)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I

Appearance

White solid

Melting Point

255℃

Boiling Point

891.5℃

Relative Density

1.08

pKa

11.35

General Description

Iohexol is a non-ionic, monomeric iodinated radiopaque contrast agent designed to minimize the adverse hemodynamic, neurotoxic, and hypersensitivity effects associated with high-osmolality ionic contrast media. Its non-ionic structure eliminates the charge-mediated interactions with blood components, proteins, and cell membranes that contribute to contrast-related toxicity, making it substantially safer for clinical use, particularly in high-risk patients.

Mechanism of Action

Iohexol provides radiodensity through its three iodine atoms per molecule, which absorb and attenuate X-rays. As a non-ionic agent, it does not dissociate into charged particles in solution, resulting in an osmolality approximately three times lower than equivalent-concentration ionic agents. This lower osmolality reduces the risk of pain on injection, vasodilation, endothelial damage, blood-brain barrier disruption, and immunoglobulin-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. It is rapidly excreted by glomerular filtration without significant tubular reabsorption or metabolism.

Application

Iohexol is indicated for a wide range of radiographic procedures requiring intravascular contrast enhancement, including coronary angiography, cerebral and peripheral angiography, computed tomography (CT) of the head and body, intravenous and arterial urography, and myelography.

Iohexol, a non-ionic low-osmolar radiocontrast agent, is used to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) via plasma clearance. This retrospective study reviewed 15,147 GFR measurements in 2,891 patients over 25 years (1992-2016), including diabetic kidney disease, non-diabetic chronic kidney disease, ADPKD, kidney transplant recipients, and living donors. Only one definite adverse reaction (0.0066%) occurred: a diabetic patient experienced flushing, urticaria, and itching after first iohexol injection, which resolved with corticosteroids.
The low dose used for GFR measurement is substantially lower than doses used for CT scans or coronary interventions, explaining the very low adverse event rate. No reactions were dose-dependent or related to renal function category, age, or number of repeated procedures. Iohexol plasma clearance is a safe, well-tolerated method for GFR measurement, suitable for repeated use in clinical research and practice.

References

Gaspari F, et al. Safety of iohexol administration to measure glomerular filtration rate in different patient populations: a 25-year experience. Nephron, 2018, 140(1): 1-8.

Poly(iohexol) nanoparticles were developed as a macromolecular CT contrast agent to overcome the rapid renal clearance and narrow imaging window of small-molecule iohexol. Iohexol was cross-linked with hexamethylene diisocyanate to form poly(iohexol) (68.5 kDa, 30.6% iodine), then coprecipitated with mPEG-PLA to form PEGylated nanoparticles (~150 nm diameter). The nanoparticles showed negligible iohexol release, excellent stability in PBS and human serum, and linear X-ray attenuation with concentration. In MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice, intratumoral injection of poly(iohexol) NPs produced sustained CT contrast, while free iohexol signal nearly disappeared by 4 h, representing a 36-fold enhancement. Intravenous administration showed prolonged circulation half-life and reduced bladder accumulation.

Fig. 1 Preparation and characterization of Poly(iohexol) nanoparticles. (Yin Q.; et al. 2013)

References

Yin Q, et al. Poly (iohexol) nanoparticles as contrast agents for in vivo X-ray computed tomography imaging. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013, 135(37): 13620-13623.

What is the recommended storage condition for Iohexol?

It should be stored at controlled room temperature in a well-sealed container, protected from moisture and direct light, to maintain its chemical integrity throughout the shelf life.

Is a Certificate of Analysis (COA) available for Iohexol?

Yes, a fully verified COA is issued for every batch and can be shared electronically. Additional documentation such as MSDS or impurity profiles may be requested separately.

What quantities of Iohexol are available for order?

We accommodate orders of varying scale, from small research quantities through bulk commercial supply. Contact our sales team to discuss pack sizes and volume pricing.

Does Iohexol have pharmacopoeial monograph compliance?

Material meeting applicable pharmacopoeial specifications or equivalent internal quality standards can be supplied; please contact us with your specific compendial requirements.

Is Iohexol manufactured under GMP conditions?

It is produced in facilities operating under applicable GMP or equivalent quality standards, ensuring consistent product quality and compliance with pharmaceutical industry requirements.