IL-36β-2

FIL1 eta, IL-1 eta, IL-1F8, IL-1H2

Mouse interleukin-36 beta [IL-36 beta ; previously IL-1F8, FIL-1 eta(eta) and IL-1H2] is a member of the IL-1 family of proteins that includes IL-1 beta, IL-1 alpha, IL-1ra, IL-18, IL-36Ra/IL-1F5, IL-36 alpha /IL-1F6, IL-37/IL-1F7, IL-36 gamma /IL-1F9 and IL-1F10. All family members show a 12 beta-stranded beta-trefoil configuration, share up to 50% amino acid (aa) sequence identity, and are believed to have arisen from a common ancestral gene. Although two alternatively spliced transcript variants for human IL-36 beta /IL-1F8 have been described, to date, only one mouse IL-36 beta /IL-1F8 isoform is known. Mouse IL-36 beta /IL-1F8 shares 61% and 74% aa identity with human IL-36 beta isoform 2 and rat IL-36 beta, respectively. IL-36 beta is agonistic, stimulating release of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and IL-8, and cytotoxic peptides such as beta-defensins 2 and 3 that aid in defense against microbial pathogens. The receptor for IL-36 proteins is IL-1 Rrp2, with IL-1 RAcP as a coreceptor. Antagonism of IL-36 proteins by IL-36Ra, which also binds IL-1 Rrp2, has been shown by some investigators. Skin keratinocytes express highest levels of IL-36 proteins and their receptors, followed by epithelia in the esophagus, trachea and bronchae. IL-36 beta expression is increased in psoriatic skin and may play a role in pathogenesis of psoriasis. IL-36 beta is also expressed in resting and activated monocytes and B cells, synovial fibroblasts, neurons and glia, and is detectable in plasma and body fluids. IL-36 beta, along with IL-36 alpha and IL-36 gamma, is up-regulated by IL-1 alpha and TNF- alpha in keratinocytes, and has been shown to activate NF- kappa B and MAPK signaling pathways in an IL-1 Rrp2-dependent manner. Full-length recombinant IL-36 proteins appear less active than their endogenous counterparts, but trimming of the N-termini enhances their activity.

Approximately 17.4 kDa.

Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

> 97% by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses.