Ethotoin

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Cat Number

API0231557

CAS Number

86-35-1

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Product Detail Description Customer Q&A

CAS Number

86-35-1

EINECS

201-665-1

Storage

Store at room temperature

Synonyms

Peganone; 3-Ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin; 3-ethyl-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; Accenon; Ethotoine

Molecular Formula

C11H12N2O2

Molecular Weight

204.22

Smiles

CCN1C(=O)C(NC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2

Appearance

White to off-white powder

Melting Point

94℃

Boiling Point

342.72℃

Relative Density

1.1754

General Description

Ethotoin is a hydantoin anticonvulsant chemically related to phenytoin but with lower toxicity and reduced efficacy. It is available in oral tablets and is used primarily as an alternative for the management of generalized tonic-clonic and complex partial seizures. The drug is less potent than phenytoin and has a shorter half-life, requiring more frequent dosing.

Mechanism of Action

Ethotoin stabilizes neuronal membranes by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, particularly in their inactivated state. This inhibition reduces sustained repetitive firing of action potentials in seizure foci, preventing the spread of abnormal electrical activity. Unlike phenytoin, ethotoin has a more favorable effect on cardiac conduction and produces fewer cerebellar and vestibular side effects, though its precise binding site on the sodium channel may differ subtly.

Application

It is indicated for the control of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and complex partial (temporal lobe) seizures, typically as an adjunct when other agents have failed or caused intolerable side effects. It is not considered a first-line therapy due to its lower efficacy compared to phenytoin and newer anticonvulsants. Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal upset, drowsiness, and nystagmus. Gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism, seen with phenytoin, are less common with ethotoin.

Does Ethotoin require protection from light during storage?

Yes, it is photosensitive. UV light can cause photodegradation and discoloration. Store in light-resistant containers, preferably amber glass or opaque HDPE.

What is the recommended storage temperature for Ethotoin?

Store at controlled room temperature (15-25°C). It is thermally stable, but avoid temperatures above 30°C to prevent potential polymorphic changes.

Is Ethotoin susceptible to hydrolysis in the presence of moisture?

It is relatively stable, but under high humidity and elevated temperatures, the hydantoin ring may hydrolyze. Store with desiccant for long-term stability.

How is the impurity 5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin monitored?

This related substance is quantified using a validated HPLC method, ensuring it remains below USP/EP limits throughout the product's shelf life.