β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide

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Cat Number

API1094617

CAS Number

1094-61-7

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CAS Number

1094-61-7

EINECS

214-136-5

Storage

Store at 2-8°C

Synonyms

β-Nicotinamide ribose monophosphate; β-NMN; Nicotinamide ribotide; NMN

Molecular Formula

C11H15N2O8P

Molecular Weight

334.22

Smiles

O[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](COP(O)([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[N+]1=CC=CC(C(=O)N)=C1)O

Appearance

White to yellow solid

Melting Point

166°C (dec.)

General Description

β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a naturally occurring biologically active nucleotide and an inherent substance in the human body. It is a critical intermediate in the biosynthesis of coenzyme I (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+). The beta isomer is its active form, and NMN is widely present in various organisms.

Mechanism of Action

NMN functions by converting to NAD+ via nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT). By providing the substrate for NMNATs, NMN directly fuels the production of NAD+, which is a crucial coenzyme for many metabolic reactions. This elevation in NAD+ restores the activity of NAD+-dependent enzymes, such as sirtuins (e.g., SIRT1), which play key roles in cellular health, energy metabolism, and the regulation of inflammatory pathways like NF-κB.

Application

NMN supplementation is being studied for its potential to counteract the age- and disease-associated decline in NAD+. Preclinical studies have shown protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Clinical trials are exploring its potential to improve metabolic health, maintain walking speed, and improve sleep quality in older adults. It has also been investigated in hospitalized patients with conditions like COVID-19 and acute kidney injury to safely raise blood NAD+ levels.

A biotechnological method for producing the NAD⁺ precursor β‑nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) was developed in Escherichia coli using bicistronic expression of recombinant nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt) from Haemophilus ducreyi and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (with L135I mutation) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. In PYA8 medium supplemented with 0.1% nicotinamide and 1% lactose, NMN production reached 15.42 mg per liter of bacterial culture (17.26 mg per gram of protein). This offers a cost‑effective alternative to chemical synthesis.

Fig. 1 NMN production kinetics, glucose uptake, NAM concentration effect (0.1% vs 1%) in LB growth medium supplemented with 1% glucose. (Marinescu GC, et al., 2018)

References

Marinescu GC, et al. β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) production in Escherichia coli. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):12278.

This randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trial (80 healthy adults, 60 days) tested NMN at 300, 600, or 900 mg daily. All NMN doses significantly increased blood NAD concentrations at days 30 and 60 (P≤0.001), with highest levels at 600 and 900 mg. Six‑minute walking distance improved significantly in all NMN groups. Blood biological age increased in the placebo group but remained unchanged in NMN groups. HOMA‑IR did not differ. SF‑36 scores improved in all NMN groups. NMN was safe and well tolerated. Clinical efficacy was highest at 600 mg daily.

Fig. 2 Efficacy of the placebo and three NMN-treated groups. (Yi L, et al., 2023)

References

Yi L, et al. The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. Geroscience. 2023;45(1):29-43.

Does β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide require refrigerated storage to maintain stability?

Yes, it must be stored at 2-8°C. At room temperature, degradation via deamidation and hydrolysis of the nicotinamide riboside moiety occurs rapidly.

Is β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide sensitive to pH changes during formulation?

It is stable at pH 4-7. In alkaline conditions, rapid degradation to nicotinamide and ribose phosphate occurs.

What is the stability of β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in aqueous solution for research use?

Aqueous solutions are stable for up to 7 days under refrigeration when protected from light. Lyophilized powder is recommended for long-term storage.

How is the impurity nicotinamide (deamidation product) monitored during stability?

This primary degradation product is quantified using a stability-indicating HPLC method with UV detection, ensuring it remains below ICH limits.