Pleiotrophin

HARP; HBBM; HB-GAM; HBGF8; HBNF

PTN was identified independently by several groups as a novel heparin-binding, developmentally regulated cytokine. Depending on the biological activities studied, this protein has variously been referred to as heparin-binding brain mitogen (HBBM), heparin-binding growth factor-8 (HBGF-8), heparin-binding neurite promoting factor, heparin-binding neurotrophic factor (HBNF), heparin-affinity regulatory peptide (HARP), heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM), osteoblast-specific factor (OSF-1), and pleiotrophin. PTN is a highly conserved protein; the amino acid sequences of human, bovine, rat, and mouse PTN share > 98% homology.PTN is a member of a family of heparin-binding proteins that share sequence, structural, and functional similarity. Other members of this family include midkine (MK), and chicken retinoic acid-induced heparin-binding protein (RI-HB), an avian homologue of MK. The expression of all these cytokines is restricted and highly regulated during development. PTN can be used as an attachment substrate to stimulate neurite outgrowth in mixed cultures of embryonic rat, mouse or chicken brain cells. Although both natural and recombinant human PTN have been reported to be mitogenic for fibroblasts, endothelial, and epithelial cells, the data are still highly controversial.

Approximately 15.3 kDa.

Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

> 96 % by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses.